Standards
Open protocols and formats in 8 families, and more as they matter: 18 so far · 18 supported by at least one of the 259 vendors
18 of 18 standards
| Standard | ||
|---|---|---|
| AI agents 2 | ||
| Model Context Protocol Connects AI assistants to tools and data: a server exposes tools, a client (an assistant or agent) calls them. 161 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 161 | Vendor docs |
| Agent2Agent Lets agents from different vendors discover each other and hand work back and forth. 48 of 259 vendors · A2A partners page | 48 | A2A partners page and vendor docs |
| Model APIs and runtimes 2 | ||
| OpenAI-compatible API An endpoint that accepts OpenAI SDK requests, so switching providers is a base URL and a key. 43 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 43 | Vendor docs |
| ONNX An open format for machine learning models, run by ONNX Runtime and many engines. 17 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 17 | Vendor docs |
| Telemetry and lineage 2 | ||
| OpenTelemetry The open standard for traces, metrics and logs, and its wire protocol OTLP. 50 of 259 vendors · OpenTelemetry registry | 50 | OpenTelemetry registry and vendor docs |
| OpenLineage An open standard for data lineage events: which job read and wrote which dataset. 10 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 10 | Vendor docs |
| Table formats 3 | ||
| Apache Iceberg The open table format for large analytic tables on object storage, with a REST catalog protocol. 36 of 259 vendors · Iceberg vendors page | 36 | Iceberg vendors page and vendor docs |
| Delta Lake An open table format with ACID transactions on Parquet files, started at Databricks. 22 of 259 vendors · Delta Lake integrations | 22 | Delta Lake integrations and vendor docs |
| Apache Hudi An open table format and lakehouse platform built for upserts, deletes and incremental processing. 10 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 10 | Vendor docs |
| File and memory formats 2 | ||
| Apache Arrow The columnar in-memory format, with Flight SQL and ADBC for moving it between systems. 12 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 12 | Vendor docs |
| Apache Parquet The open columnar file format that almost every data engine reads and writes. 25 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 25 | Vendor docs |
| Query languages 1 | ||
| SQL:2023 The current edition of the SQL standard, which adds a JSON type, more SQL/JSON and property graph queries (SQL/PGQ). 2 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 2 | Vendor docs |
| Identity and sign-in 3 | ||
| SPIFFE Workload identity: short-lived, verifiable identities (SVIDs) for services, with SPIRE as the reference implementation. 6 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 6 | Vendor docs |
| OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect Delegated authorization and single sign-on: the protocols behind "Sign in with" buttons and SSO for business software. 46 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 46 | Vendor docs |
| FIDO2 and passkeys Phishing-resistant sign-in with passkeys and security keys, built on WebAuthn and CTAP. 19 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 19 | Vendor docs |
| Provenance and supply chain 3 | ||
| C2PA Content Credentials Signed provenance for images, video and audio: who made a file, with which tools, and whether AI was involved. 24 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 24 | Vendor docs |
| SPDX The software bill of materials format for packages, files, licenses and their relationships. 13 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 13 | Vendor docs |
| CycloneDX A bill of materials standard for software, services, AI models (ML-BOM) and hardware. 10 of 259 vendors · vendor docs | 10 | Vendor docs |